Mutual aid : a factor of evolution
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| Language: | English |
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extending horizons books
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| Series: | Pelicans |
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| LEADER | 00000nam0a22000001i 4500 | ||
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| 001 | 7243 | ||
| 100 | |a 19990609u u u0frey50 | ||
| 200 | 1 | |a Mutual aid : a factor of evolution | |
| 101 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 215 | |a XIX+362 p. |d 21 cm | ||
| 300 | |a Appendix. Index | ||
| 330 | |a Foreword/ Ashley Montagu Preface to the 1914 edition Introdution Chapter 1 Mutual Aid Among Animals Struggle for existence. -- Mutual Aid -- a law of Nature and chief factor of progressive evolution. -- Invertebrates. -- Ants and Bees -- Birds: Hunting and fishing associations. -- Sociability. -- Mutual protection among small birds. -- Cranes; parrots. Chapter 2 Mutual Aid Among Animals (continued) Migrations of birds.-- Breeding associations. -- Autumn societies. -- Mammals: small number of unsociable species. -- Hunting associations of wolves, lions, etc. -- Societies of rodents; of ruminants; of monkeys. -- Mutual Aid in the struggle for life. -- Darwin's arguments to prove the struggle for life within the species. -- Natural checks to over-multiplication. -- Supposed extermination of intermediate links. -- Elimination of competition in Nature. Chapter 3 Mutual Aid Among Savages Supposed war of each against all. -- Tribal origin of human society. -- Late appearance of the separate family. -- Bushmen and Hottentots. -- Australians, Papuas. -- Eskimos, Aleoutes. -- Features of savage life difficult to understand for the European. -- The Dayak's conception of justice. -- Common law. Chapter 4 Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians The great migrations. -- New organization rendered necessary. -- The village community. -- Communal work. -- Judicial procedure -- Inter-tribal law. -- Illustrations from the life of our contemporaries -- Buryates. -- Kabyles. -- Caucasian mountaineers. -- African stems. Chapter 5 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City Growth of authority in Barbarian Society. -- Serfdom in the villages. -- Revolt of fortified towns: their liberation; their charts. -- The guild. -- Double origin of the free mediæval city. -- Self-jurisdiction, self-administration. -- Honourable position of labour. -- Trade by the guild and by the city. Chapter 6 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City (continued) Likeness and diversity among the medi&ealig;val cities. -- The craftguilds: State-attributes in each of them. -- Attitude of the city towards the peasants; attempts to free them. -- The lords. -- Results achieved by the mediæval city: in arts, in learning. -- Causes of decay. Chapter 7 Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves Popular revolts at the beginning of the State-period. -- Mutual Aid institutions of the present time. -- The village community; its struggles for resisting its abolition by the State. -- Habits derived from the village-community life, retained in our modern villages. -- Switzerland, France, Germany, Russia. Chapter 8 Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves (continued) Labour-unions grown after the destruction of the guilds by the State. -- Their struggles. -- Mutual Aid in strikes. -- Co-operation. -- Free associations for various purposes. -- Self-sacrifice. -- Countless societies for combined action under all possible aspects. -- Mutual Aid in slum-life. -- Personal aid. Conclusion Appendix A I Swarms of Butterflies, Dragon-Flies, Etc. II The Ants III Nesting Associations IV Sociability of Animals V Checks to Over-Multiplication VI Adaptations to Avoid Competition VII The Origin of the Family VIII Destruction of Private Property on the Grave IX The Undivided Family X The Origin of the Guilds. XI The Market and the Mediaeval City XII Mutual-Aid Arrangements in the Villages of Netherlands at the Present Day Appendix B The struggle for existence / Thomas H. Huxley | ||
| 701 | 1 | |a MONTAGU |b Ashley |9 id:12227 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kropotkine |b , Pierre |f 1842-1921 |9 id:9628 | |
| 702 | 1 | |a Huxley |b , Thomas Henry |9 id:8637 | |
| 210 | |a Boston |b Boston USA |c extending horizons books |d 1955 |z USA |9 id:9390 | ||
| 225 | 2 | |a Pelicans |v march 1939, A49 |9 id:2682 | |
| 410 | 0 | |t Pelicans |v march 1939, A49 |9 id:2682 | |
| 995 | |a CIRA |c CIRA |f 7243 |k Aa 0308 |r au |q u | ||
| 996 | |f 7243 |k Aa 0308 |m 00000000 |n 00000000 |a CIRA |b 1 |v CIRA - Beaumont |x Bibliothèque |e Imprimé |r au |1 Prêt réservé | ||
| 606 | 1 | |9 id:35 |9 lang:fr_FR |9 idthes:1 |a ANTHROPOLOGIE | |
| 606 | 1 | |9 id:399 |9 lang:fr_FR |9 idthes:1 |a NATURE | |
| 606 | 1 | |9 id:440 |9 lang:fr_FR |9 idthes:1 |a Mutualisme | |
| 606 | 1 | |9 id:527 |9 lang:fr_FR |9 idthes:1 |a SOLIDARITÉ | |
| 606 | 1 | |9 id:604 |9 lang:fr_FR |9 idthes:1 |a ÉTHIQUE | |